Ha'Aretz Asher Areka
As we presented two weeks ago, we will be featuring a regular column with translated excerpts from the sefer Ha'Aretz Asher Areka by Rav Shnayor Burton.
Below is the translation of the first part of chapter 1.
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The Opinion of the Ramban
Residing in Eretz Yisrael is Counted as one of the 613 Mitzvos
The very first question we must ask when determining the correct course of action according to the Torah is: From where do you derive this? Where is the source in the Torah that we should reside in Eretz Yisrael?
Let us begin with the 613 mitzvos. Is residing in Eretz Yisrael a mitzvah in the Torah?
Ramban counted capturing and settling in Eretz Yisrael as one of the 613 mitzvos. He says:
That we were commanded to take possession of the land that God, may He be blessed and exalted, gave to our forefathers, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and we should not abandon it in the hands of other nations or leave it desolate. This is His saying to them: “And you shall take possession of the land and dwell in it, for to you I have given the land to take hold of it. And you shall settle the land by lot” (Numbers 33:53-54), and a similar idea of this mitzvah was repeated in other places, as His saying “Come and take possession of the land that I have sworn to your fathers” (Deuteronomy 1:8), and He specified it to them as part of this mitzvah, in its boundaries and borders, as it says, “and come to the high country of the Amorite and to all his neighbors, in the Arabah, in the high country, in the lowland, and in the Negev and on the shore of the sea” (ibid., 7) – that they should abandon no place of it. The proof that this is a mitzvah… this is what the sages call a “Milchemes Mitzvah” (Mishnah Sotah, 8:8). . . The commandment to capture the land is effective for all generations. And I say that the mitzvah which the sages praise, which is residing in EY, to the point that they said in Kesubos (110b) “Anyone who leaves it and resides outside of EY should be in your eyes like an idolater, as it says (1 Samuel 26:19) ‘For they have chased me today from joining Hashem’s inheritance, saying, “Go, serve other gods”,’ and other great statements that they said about it, are all from this positive commandment that we were commanded to possess the land and reside in it. Consequently, it is a positive commandment that is in force in all generations, and every individual is obligated by it, even during the era of exile, as is known in the Talmud in many places. The Sifre states (Deuteronomy, sec. 80): “Residing in Eretz Yisrael is equivalent to all the mitzvos”!
Ramban’s opinion is clear: It is a biblical positive commandment to capture and reside in Eretz Yisrael, which is why the Torah specified its boundaries and borders, like any other mitzvah-object detailed in the Torah. Even during the exilic era, “every individual is obligated by it.” We will return to clarifying his intention with these words and treat the question of how an exilic era is different from a redemptive era. But it is a positive commandment, in force in all generations, and therefore counted as a mitzvah from the 613 mitzvos said to Moses at Sinai. . .
Read the full article here.