Pulling the Strings: Refugees’ Rearranging Practices in Kyaka II

Schmidt, Hannah

doi:10.1007/978-3-658-41650-8_7

Hannah Schmidt²

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Abstract

Chapter 7 explores the interconnections between the camp's social and material aspects, focusing on the complex linkages resulting from people's practices. It examines the re-placement process on-site and how it affects the intertwined fabrics of the camp. The chapter illustrates how individuals' practices of relocating within the camp and engaging in trading activities introduce new elements and rearrange the camp's overall structure. These practices contribute to the emergence of clusters with distinct socio-material characteristics and expand the camp's boundaries beyond its institutionalized arrangement. Being interwoven both with other people and other elements of the camp means they are the ones pulling the strings – and, by that, if not changing the arrangement at least contributing to an increased or decreased tension within.

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Notes

1.
DR Congo, M, A, Byabakora, EED, 17/06/2017, Kyaka II.
2.
DR Congo, M, I, Ntababiniga, EED, 07/12/2016, Kyaka II.
3.
U, M, EI, OPM, Base Camp, 07/10/2017, Kyaka II.
4.
U, M, EI, OPM, Base Camp, 07/10/2017, Kyaka II.
5.
U, M, EI, OPM, Base Camp, 07/10/2017, Kyaka II.
6.
DR Congo, M, I, n.a., EED, 07/12/2016, Kyaka II.
7.
DR Congo, M, A, Byabakora, EED, 19/11/2016, Kyaka II.
8.
B, W, Sweswe, EED, 08/07/2017, Kyaka II.
9.
DR Congo, W, B, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II; DR Congo, M, A Mukondo, EED, 08/12/2016, Kyaka II; DR Congo, M, B, Bukere, EED, 12/11/2016, Kyaka II.
10.
FGD, DR Congo, 10 M, Sweswe, 24/11/2016, Kyaka II.
11.
FGD, DR Congo, 10 M, Sweswe, 24/11/2016, Kyaka II.
12.
For example: DR Congo, M, Bwiriza, EED, 16/06/2017, Kyaka II; DR Congo, M, A, Byabakora, EED, 17/06/2017, Kyaka II; DR Congo, M, Sweswe, EED, 19/06/2017, Kyaka II; DR Congo, W, Bwiriza, EED, 16/07/2017, Kyaka II.
13.
For example: B, W, Bukere, EED, 14/06/2017, Kyaka II; DR Congo, M, B, Byabakora, EED, 17/06/2017, Kyaka II; C, F, A, Mukondo, EED, 22/11/2016, Kyaka II.
14.
DR Congo, W, B, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II; DR Congo, M, A Mukondo, EED, 08/12/2016, Kyaka II; B, W, Sweswe, EED, 08/07/2017, Kyaka II.
15.
The basic framework is the Refugees Regulations of 2010 in which the temporary use of the land is inscribed, stating that, in the camps, refugees “shall have free access to use land for the purposes of cultivation or pasturing, except that they shall have no right to sell, lease or otherwise alienate the land that has been allocated to them strictly for their individual or family utilization” (OPM 2010: Regulation 65).
16.
U, EI, OPM, Base Camp, 18/11/2017, Kyaka II.
17.
U, EI, OPM, Base Camp, 10/07/2017, Kyaka II.
18.
U, EI, OPM, Base Camp, 10/07/2017, Kyaka II.
19.
B, W, Bukere, EED, 14/06/2017, Kyaka II.
20.
DR Congo, 3W, 2 M, EED, reception centre, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II.
21.
DR Congo, 3W, 2 M, EED, reception centre, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II.
22.
DR Congo, M, B, Sweswe, EED, 15/06/2017, Kyaka II.
23.
FGD, MN, 6 M, 5W, Bukere 15/11/2016, Kyaka II.
24.
E, M, Buliti, EED, 18/11/2016, Kyaka II.
25.
E, W, Bukere, EED, 13/11/2016, Kyaka II.
26.
DR Congo, W, Sweswe, EED, 14/06/2017, Kyaka II.
27.
DR Congo, W, Bukere, EED, 14/06/2017, Kyaka II; DR Congo, W, Kakoni EED, 22/11/2016, Kyaka II.
28.
DR Congo, 3W, 2 M, EED, reception centre, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II.
29.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
30.
DR Congo, M, A, Byabakora, EED, 17/06/2017, Kyaka II.
31.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II; DR Congo, W, A, Bujubuli, EED, 15/11/2016, Kyaka II; DR Congo, 3W, 2 M, EED, reception centre, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II.
32.
DR Congo, M, A, Byabakora, EED, 17/06/2017, Kyaka II.
33.
R, W, Bukere, EED, 13/11/2016, Kyaka II.
34.
DR Congo, W, A, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
35.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
36.
Hereby I refrain from promoting self-regulation as a normative concept, since Kyaka II’s inhabitants remain overall in a precarious living situation. The ability of some does not necessarily mean that a certain modus operandi is possible for everyone, as some neoliberal narratives suggest—incorporated as they are into policies on resilience and self-reliance. See, for example: (Ilcan and Rygiel 2015; Krause and Schmidt 2020).
37.
DR Congo, 3W, 2 M, EED, reception centre, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II.
38.
R, W, Byabakora, EED, 20/11/2016, Kyaka II.
39.
DR Congo, W, A, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
40.
DR Congo, M, R, A, Byabakora, EED, 17/11/2016, Kyaka II.
41.
Mapendo means “love” in Kisuaheli.
42.
DR Congo, 3W, 2 M, EED, reception centre, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II; DR Congo, 2W, EED, Sweswe, 24/11/2016, Kyaka II; B, M, Sweswe, EED, 07/12/2016, Kyaka II.
43.
DR Congo, W, Kaberogota, EED, 15/06/2017, Kyaka II.
44.
DR Congo, 3W, Ntababiniga, EED, 16/06/2017, Kyaka II.
45.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 16/11/2016, Kyaka II.
46.
E, W, Bukere, EED, 13/11/2016, Kyaka II.
47.
DR Congo, 3W, Ntababiniga, EED, 16/06/2017, Kyaka II.
48.
DR Congo, M, I, Byabakora, EED, 11/11/2016, Kyaka II.
49.
FGD, DR Congo, 10 M, Sweswe, 24/11/2016, Kyaka II.
50.
U, EI, DRC, Base Camp, 21/11/2016, Kyaka II.
51.
U, EI, DRC, Base Camp, 21/11/2016, Kyaka II.
52.
FGD, MN, 6 M, 5W, Bukere 15/11/2016, Kyaka II.
53.
U, W, B, Bujubuli, EED, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II.
54.
U, W, B, Bujubuli, EED, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II.
55.
U, EI, Samaritan’s Purse, Base Camp, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II.
56.
DR Congo, M, B, Byabakora, EED, 17/06/2017, Kyaka II; DR Congo, W, B, Byabakora, EED, 17/06/2017, Kyaka II; DR Congo, W, Sweswe, EED, 18/06/2017, Kyaka II; DR Congo, M, Sweswe, EED, 18/06/2017, Kyaka II.
57.
U, W, B, Bujubuli, EED, 06/12/2016, Kyaka II.
58.
DR Congo, W, Kaberogota, EED, 15/06/2017, Kyaka II.
59.
E, M, Buliti, EED, 18/11/2016, Kyaka II.
60.
DR Congo, M, B, Bukere, EED, 14/06/2017, Kyaka II.
61.
Participants in one transect walk directed my attention to two nurseries run by refugees. In addition, I also held an interview with a nursery teacher: DR Congo, M, Mukondo, EED, 22/11/2016, Kyaka II.
62.
Students herein: 2 M, 5W, FGD, 11/07/2017, Kyaka II.
63.
DR Congo, M, n.a., EED, 11/11/2016, Kyaka II.
64.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
65.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
66.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
67.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
68.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
69.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.
70.
DR Congo, M, Bukere, EED, 09/12/2016, Kyaka II.

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Osnabrueck, Germany
Hannah Schmidt

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Schmidt, H. (2023). Pulling the Strings: Refugees’ Rearranging Practices in Kyaka II. In: Weaving the Camp. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41650-8_7

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41650-8_7
Published: 14 July 2023
Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-41649-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-658-41650-8
eBook Packages: Social Science and Law (German Language)

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